The Emerging Christian Way

Discussion Questions:  Chapter 7 – Paying Homage 

Chapter 8 – Radical Inclusion

1.  In this refreshingly concise and clear essay, Bruce Sanguin offers a thesis supported by tolerance and open-mindedness toward the larger faith community of the world.  He begins with a not-so-tolerant lampooning of the Southern Baptists for their hell-bent agenda and tactics of peddling conversion at all costs to Muslims.  Sanguin’s message: this is bad…very bad.  Have you encountered such efforts with other Southern Baptists or with Evangelical Christians bearing a fundamentalist agenda?  What attitudes/theology inform such exclusion and claiming of truth?

2.  From here, Sanguin introduces a different model, as presented in Matthew’s depiction of the Magi…noting that “the basis of the unity of all peoples of faith is biospiritual.  We have all come from the same place and are made of the same stuff.  We are stardust, reconfigured in human form, inspired by the Creator.”  The Magi travel to Israel for a single purpose…to pay homage to the Christ child. No Southern Baptist agenda here. This, Sanguin suggests, is our healthy alternative…the way of the Magi. 

Let’s discuss his follow-up questions: What would ecumenical relations with other faiths look like if they were homage-based?  What would it mean for Christians to make the long journey across strange cultural and religious landscapes bearing only gifts of respect for all that is sacred in other traditions?

3.  Finally, Sanguin contends that “the deeper we go into our own faith system, the closer we get to God…[and thus] the more we are informed by values of diversity, inclusivity, and respect for the inherent dignity of other people and faiths.”  Only by adopting the wisdom of the Magi will we, too, be equipped to “return home by another road,” transformed by our experience.  So where in your life have you returned home by “another road?”

4.  Anne Squire writes with a similar passion/goal, embracing the language of inclusion in understanding “the kingdom of God.”  I chuckled at her opening quote from Don Cupitt, “What Jesus preached was ‘the kingdom’; what he got was the church!”  What does this statement imply about the historical and current affairs of the church?

5.  Squire says that “radical inclusion demands that membership in the community in question be open to all.”  Let’s address her initial question: What did Jesus mean when he talked of the kingdom of God?

6.  Squire then quotes John Dominic Crossan, who says, “Jesus robs humankind of all protective privileges, entitlements, and ethnicities that segregate people into categories.”  Thus, she writes, “The kingdom of God, as defined by Jesus, is a realm of radical inclusion, a society of radical equality.”  Therefore, “no one has the right to speak for God in the choice of who is in and who is out.”  Sounds eloquent and simple…yet the world struggles to adopt such attitudes of mutual tolerance.  As we look around us, what are the greatest barriers/hurdles toward this path of grace?

7.  Squire notes many of the individuals and groups most directly affected by current restrictions and exclusions (pages 147-151).  The key to addressing these, she suggests, is “education about the early days of Christianity…[as well as] the new formulations of theology, which allow the church to re-create itself.”  She invites us to think and live in “the kingdom way”…motivated and informed by Jesus’ own vision of God’s kingdom. 

What does thinking and living in “the kingdom way” mean for you?  How does it promote inclusivity in your life journey?

The Emerging Christian Way

Chapter 6 – On Being a Postdenominational Priest

in a Postdenominational Era

1.  I met Matthew Fox in person at a clergy conference in Bend, OR, in 1985.  He was regarded then as a person of distinct notoriety.  More pointedly, he was in theological hot water with just about every major denomination for his extreme left views on religion and spirituality…a reputation he seemed to relish.  Our reading today provides a travelogue of his bumpy ride through the 1990s and onward, including his official rejection by the Roman Catholic Church and his integration into the Anglican Church…specifically, the Episcopal Church.  Are you aware of any other theologians, pastors or religious leaders who have made such a dramatic switch?  What were the circumstances and outcomes surrounding their transition?

2.  Fox identifies his ouster from Catholicism as the point at which he understood his vocation as “a postdenominational priest in a postdenominational era.”  His discussion of the movement from the modern era to the present era is enlightening, albeit heavily slanted by his rejection by the R.C. Church.  And yet, he makes some accurate points…especially those that challenge the limitations of denominational institutions and agendas when held up against the pressing needs of a global community.  Where are such limitations visible to you: locally, nationally, and globally?

3.  Fox notes on page 109 that, “Ecumenism is postmodern and may even be another word for postdenominational.  Worship is becoming more and more ecumenical.”  Fair enough, to a certain degree.  But he quickly gets at the heart of his critique on pages 112 -113, “Christianity will never grow up to its adult stature until and unless it heals its wounded Roman and its wounded Jewish child.”  He believes ecumenism with Judaism and Islam can “reinvigorate our species with spirituality.”  He tosses in Buddism, Taoism, and Hinduism (East meeting with West) as further ingredients for his recipe of postdenominational and postmodern awakening.  Politically, the East, Middle East, and the West have not worked well together.  How, then, might these same groups approach one another in search of unity with such diverse and longstanding religious disparities?

4.  In his section, “Protesting Catholicism and Protestantism,” on pages 116-118, Fox provides a detailed list of behaviors that offend.  Look at them again…where do you agree/disagree?

5.  Fox’s devotion to Jerry Garcia is obviously quite substantial.  I found this short section a bit bizarre…especially his seeming dependency on the Garcias to repeatedly validate his ministry.  How exactly is theirs a “postmodern marriage”…and how can he attribute “applause as prayer?”  I’m baffled by his eagerness to elevate the Garcias, yet exclude them from his former style of critique.  How did you respond to this love story?

6.  Hubris abounds here…get your boots out.  This leads to his glowing evaluation of the “Planetary Mass” in October of 1994.  His revelation from that event: a new philosophical era has emerged.  Their mantra: “We celebrate, therefore we are.”  Like I said, hubris abounds!  They were especially pleased to exclude any theologians from the design and execution of this event and do so with a team of artists.  He describes this mass as “reconstructive postmodern art” with “spirituality at its core.”  The pinnacle of Fox’s hubris?  “I think the Planetary Mass represents a new, postmodern stage in human development.  Postmodern worship has arrived.”  (Excuse me, where’s the bathroom?!)  I’m at a loss of words here.  How about you?

7.  Orthopraxis (correct practice/behavior) versus orthodoxy (correct beliefs)…confused yet?  Fox despises the latter and praises the former.  We need both, folks!  He concludes with this healthy observation: “Indeed, if we put these two together, a Protestant principle and a Catholic one, we are talking about a reconstruction of Western Christianity.  This would move us from religion to spirituality.”  What would this look like and what would it take to achieve it? 

(Uff da!)

The Emerging Christian Way

Chapter 5 – Consider the Liles of the Field:

How Should Christians Love Nature?

1.  The theme of Sallie McFague’s essay is no mystery…it’s embedded in her title.  The answer to her question?  “…by obeying a simple but very difficult axiom: pay attention to it.”  She elaborates by saying, “The message is that we pay attention to difference, that we really learn to see what if different from ourselves.”  When are you most likely to pay attention?  What are your motives for doing so?  When are you least likely to pay attention?  What contributes to such detachment?

2.  McFague suggests that art is a valuable means of helping us learn to recognize and accept real differences.   Can you recall some form of art that has produced such attention from you in the past or present? 

Simone Weil concludes, “absolute attention is prayer.  By paying attention to something she says, we are, in fact praying.”  This leads to revelation.  I like that insight!  “So to really love nature, we must pay attention to it…to the world that lies around us but is not us…because we cannot love what we do not know.”  Are there parts of nature that have felt “prayer-like” for you?  Under what circumstances or frame of mind do you need to enter into such a relationship with nature?

3.  McFague invites us into “two ways of seeing the world,” directing us to consider nature writing.  She demonstrates its value through Annie Dillard’s description of a gold fish named Ellery, as well as the famous whole-earth picture of our planet from NASA.  Using these as metaphors, who or what are the current “goldfish” and “whole-earth” relationships in your life?  In other words, where (nature) and with whom (community) are you drawn closer or farther apart?

4.  McFague notes, “The arrogant eye simplifies in order to control, denying complexity and mystery, since it cannot control what it cannot understand…(and that) we Westerners all perceive with the arrogant eye.”  “The loving eye, on the other hand, acknowledges complexity, mystery, and difference…(promoting) acknowledgement of and respect for the other as subject.”   As Christians individually and as the Church collectively, where have you (and we) experienced our greatest weaknesses and strengths with each of these “eyes?”

5.  Under the heading, “The Subject-Subjects Model,” McFague notes that the best analogy for loving nature is friendship.  What attributes of friendship connect and bind us to nature in a life-giving way?  How might our entire planet and its inhabitants benefit from such a respectful and honorary attitude?

6.  Care or rights?  This debate will linger until the end of time… as well it should.  Applied to the natural world, it becomes even murkier…especially in our highly charged political/economic environments.  Much is at stake, on both sides of the discussion.  McFague raises the delicate question, “But is all of this Christian?  Is it commensurate with the radical, destabilizing, inclusive love of Jesus?”  What do you think?

7.  Perhaps the author of Ecclesiastes might have benefitted from this metaphor, “A time to map…and a time to hike.”  This last section stirred my imagination.  “What if we saw nature as ‘a world of difference?’  Then we might realize that we have to take a hike (without a map), become world-travelers, become apprentices to nature.”  Where have such “hikes” transformed your life in the past?  Are you on any kind of  hike at this moment? 

McFague concludes, “No one, I believe, loves the whole earth except as she or he loves a particular bit of it.”  Tell us something about your small piece of earth and why you love it.  What do you receive in return?  Where is God active in your love of nature?

The Emerging Christian Way

Chapter 3 – New Creeds; Chapter 4 – The Great Work

1.  Tom Harpur has an axe to grind…in fact, several of them.  Connecting the dots of his diatribe isn’t easy.  For example, his initial discussion of “Core Christianity” and “Perennial Philosophy” were briefly mentioned, but never fully explained or integrated into his bump-and-run style of discourse.

The Christian Church, he claims, is in a world of hurt and the forecast ahead is one of gloom and doom.  While he correctly directs us toward the kingdom of God being present everywhere, I become quite nervous of his assertion of “the divinity of humanity, the ‘godness’ of every human being who has ever lived…the divinity of every one of us.”  How is this any different from today’s New Age definition of spirituality and its highly individualized motives and agenda?

2.  Moving on to the Creeds, Harpur characterizes the Church’s current efforts to face our challenges as “feeble.”  He castigates Liberals for having nothing worthwhile to proclaim, while criticizing Fundamentalists for checking their brains at the door and clinging to outdated traditions and interpretations.  (We love you, too, Tom!)

On page 61, Harpur goes off the deep end by denouncing the comprehensibility and relevance of our Creeds!  But wait, it gets better…and I quote, “Most are in a zombie-like state of consciousness anyway and just let the whole liturgy roll completely over their heads, unexamined and unexplained.”  He then states that we’ll either wake out of our trance or drop out due to health or old age.  Offended yet?  I sure am!  So, what should we Lutheran zombies do to ward off this vicious condition?  Are our Creeds really the problem here?  Again, how is the re-writing of the Creeds any different than the New Age agenda of fleeting personal accommodation?  What are the real problems we face?

3.  Thomas Berry offers a refreshing contrast with our previous author.  While listing several examples of “The Great Work” throughout history, Berry notes that our agenda now “is to carry out the transition from a period of human devastation of the Earth to a period when humans would be present to the planet in a mutually beneficial manner.”  He then asserts that we have moved from natural selection to cultural selection as the “decisive force in determining the future of the biosystems of Earth.”

How did we get into this mess?  He blames it on “an attitude that is shared by all four of the fundamental establishments that control the human realm: governments, corporations, universities, and religions – the political, economic, intellectual, and religious establishments.  All four are committed consciously or unconsciously to a radical discontinuity between the human and the nonhuman.”  Take a few minutes to explore this premise.  How do you see each of these as participants in this shift of balance?

4.  From there, Berry zeroes in on the solution: “that every being has rights to be recognized and revered.”  This is solid biblical stewardship, folks.  But alas, like Berry notes, “Throughout the 20^th century the situation has worsened decade by decade with relentless commitment to making profit by ruining the planet for the uncertain benefit of the human…so that a few establishments now control vast regions of the earth.”  Our Great Work, and that of our children, will be to change this course of devastation.

Where do we see this tragedy being played out in our country?

Where do we see this being played out around the world?

Where do we go from here? 

What are you doing, or would you consider doing, to further participate in this Great Work?

How do we approach and address this as the Church?

The Emerging Christian Way

Chapter 2 – Experience: The Heart of Transformation

1.  Tim Scorer takes us down a much different path this week… inviting us to share in an “experience of transformation.”  You are asked to write words in the pentagon of this star for the dilemma that is most pressing in your own life.

• If you are comfortable sharing with others, what is this dilemma for you at the moment?

2.  Scorer continues with the remarkable story/analogy of Zacchaeus and Jesus…encouraging us to put ourselves in their shoes. 

• How might you spend a dinner conversation with Jesus? 
• What would you ask Jesus concerning your most pressing dilemma? 

3.  Write the following words on the star, one per tip: 

      Jesus, God, world, Bible, and community/tradition. 

• How does Jesus create an “open heart” in you?
• How does God approach you through your open heart?  (See Roo Borson poem, “The Trees”)
• When you focus your open-hearted attention on the world, both of nature and of humans, how does that affect the way you see your personal dilemma? 
• How does Psalm 139 demonstrate the Bible’s strength?
• Using the analogy of a tree, how do we both benefit from and contribute toward “community and tradition?”

4.  Finally, what did you gain from Tim Scorer’s chapter and his exercise with the star?  Does it help you approach potential dilemmas in a new and meaningful way?

The Emerging Christian Way

Chapter 1 - An Emerging Christian Way

1.  Marcus Borg is no stranger to our Panera group.  His book, The Heart of Christianity, is the source of today’s reading.  Drawing distinctions between the two major expressions of contemporary Christianity, he reframes them as the “Belief-Centered Paradigm” (BCP) and the “Transformation-Centered Paradigm” (TCP).  Which of these did you grow up with?  How was this overview of the faith expressed in your family, church, and community?

2.  Borg briefly highlights the core values of each paradigm.  Within the BCP, take a brief minute to discuss how each of these were understood in your particular context:

• The uniqueness of Christianity
• Salvation as afterlife
• Requirements and rewards
• Sin, guilt, and forgiveness
• The Bible
• Faith as believing

3.  Borg does not view this paradigm favorably.  He writes on page 17 that it “has become an intellectual and moral stumbling block for millions of people in our time, inside the church and outside of it.”  And, “Indeed, the belief-centered paradigm is the single biggest reason for the decline of mainline denominations over the past 40 years.”  Where do you see evidence of these conclusions today?  What damage do they continue to inflict upon the church?

4.  On page 18, Borg notes that “instead of rejecting modern knowledge when it conflicts with the Bible, it (the TCP) involves an appreciative and discerning integration of what we have learned in the last several centuries about nature, history, culture, religions, and ourselves.”  Where have we been stretched in these particular areas of our faith of late?  If applicable, what has your process of re-thinking or re-framing these issues been like?

5.  I appreciated Borg’s description of the Bible within the TCP, including the Bible’s authority & interpretation, historical interpretation, and metaphorical interpretation.  I’m especially fond of his statement on page 23, “These stories, to echo Thomas Mann, are about the way things never were but always are.”  What does that perspective mean in terms of Scripture’s usefulness to us?

6.  Borg concludes his essay by emphasizing “transformation as the central dynamic of the Christian life…of the self and of the world.”  Again, take a brief minute to review how each of the following lead to transformation within the TCP:

• Salvation
• Faith
• Adult theological re-education
• Christian practices
• Compassion and a passion for justice
• Political consciousness
• Living deeply into the Bible/Christian tradition
• Commitment and intentionality

7.  Finally, Borg writes on page 32:  “It is trust and loyalty that transform us.  Beliefs may precede them or follow them or remain quite unconnected to them.  But beliefs do not save us, do not transform us.  Trust and loyalty do.  This centering is the purpose of the Christian life.”  How does this reality both free us and equip us for discipleship to Jesus and service to the world?

Making Sense of the Christian Faith

Discussion Questions - Session 8

1.  What makes you most anxious about the future?  What does the Biblical story offer by way of comfort?  How can the Christian community help us face our anxieties about the future?
2.  Some Christians believe that the end of the world is coming soon and focus much on their attention on figuring out when.  What the advantages and disadvantages of reading the Bible in this way?
3.  How does confidence about the future create freedom in the present?  What are some of the things that Christians might devote their time to if they believe that God has promised to secure for all of us a good end?

Read Revelation 21:1-8

4.  How do you hear the promises God makes in this chapter about a new heaven and a new earth?
5.  How do you think the original Christians receiving this letter heard them?
6.  How can this text encourage us in our lives of faith and service today?

Read 1 Corinthians 13

7.  How does Paul's discussion of what we can and cannot know, et in the context of his discussion of love, help us think about the future and our life of faith?
8.  How does Paul suggest we balance our perhaps understandable desire to know the future and out present need to care for our neighbors all around us?